Beyond the Rigid Lid: Baroclinic Modes in a Structured Atmosphere

Leaky Rigid Lid: New Dissipative Modes in the Troposphere

4 An effective boundary condition is derived for the top of the troposphere, based on a wave 5 radiation condition at the tropopause. This boundary condition, which can be formulated 6 as a pseudo-differential equation, leads to new vertical dissipative modes. These modes can 7 be computed explicitly in the classical setup of a hydrostatic, non-rotating atmosphere with 8 a piecewise constant Br...

Physical Simulation of Baroclinic Waves and Vortices in the Atmosphere

Linear baroclinic instability in the Martian atmosphere: Primitive equation calculations

In this study, baroclinic-barotropic instability of the Martian atmosphere is studied for a zonal basic state based on Mariner 9 observations, using a spherical linear primitive equation model derived from a method of 3-D normal mode expansion. As a result of solving a matrix eigenvalue problem, a distinctly unstable mode at synoptic to planetary scales was found with a peak growth rate of 2.3 ...

Distribution of lateral active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall under various motion modes

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude of active pressure exerted from the backfill. Therefore, estimating the scale of this pressure is a fundamental factor in the design. In this study, to assess the active earth pressure, a rigid retaining wall was built capable of translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducte...

Rigid-unit modes in tetrahedral crystals.

The 'rigid-unit mode' (RUM) model requires unit blocks, in our case tetrahedra of SiO(4) groups, to be rigid within first order of the displacements of the oxygen ions. The wavevectors of the lattice vibrations, which obey this rigidity, are determined analytically. Lattices with inversion symmetry yield generically surfaces of RUMs in reciprocal space, whereas lattices without this symmetry y...